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A Kinematic Framework for Extensible Continuum Robots with Bellow Backbone and Follow-the-Leader Motion

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Overview

The code is organized around a two-segment extensible rod-driven continuum robot. Each segment is parameterized by three deployed rod lengths, giving the six-dimensional rod-length vector

L = [L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6]^T.

The repository includes:

  • Forward kinematics for the extensible piecewise-constant-curvature model.
  • Interactive shape planning for J-, C-, and S-shaped paths in planar and spatial settings.
  • Tip tracking using incremental Jacobian/QP-based control.
  • Follow-the-leader motion using a staged coordination strategy for the two robot segments.
  • Strategy comparison for configuration-prioritized, bending-constrained, and extension-aware tip tracking.
  • Workspace analysis for fixed-length and extensible configurations.
  • Local manipulability analysis using analytic Jacobians and velocity ellipsoids.
  • Experimental datasets and post-processing for tip tracking and FTL experiments.

The data/ directory contains:

  • trajectory_arc_*.csv — reference paths
  • meas_points_three_stage_*.csv — measured robot/marker data
  • tracking_error_three_stage_*.csv — recorded tracking-error data
Component Main code
Extensible robot kinematics fwk.m and module-local fwk.m files
Interactive shape planning Control/shape planning/shape_planner.m
Tip tracking simulation Control/tip tracking/opt.m
Closed-loop tip tracking Control/tip tracking/main_control_QP_new.m
Three-stage FTL simulation Control/shape tracking/followtrajectory_threeStage_new.m
Closed-loop FTL control Control/shape tracking/main_control_QP_threeStage_FTL.m
Tracking-strategy comparison Simulation and Experiment/Comparison of Tip Tracking Algorithms/opt_*.m
Workspace analysis Workspace and Manipulability Analysis/workspace/
Manipulability analysis Workspace and Manipulability Analysis/local manipulability/
Tip-tracking experimental analysis Simulation and Experiment/EXP1.../data_processing.m
FTL experimental analysis Simulation and Experiment/EXP2.../data_processing.m

Project Page

Interactive shape planning, FTL simulation, experiment videos, and additional project material are available at:

https://yangyihe233.github.io/follow-the-leader/

About

A Kinematic Framework for Extensible Continuum Robots with Bellow Backbone and Follow-the-Leader Motion

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